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 Various Blogs Relating to WLANs and Other Networking Protocols

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Capturing Roaming Events

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Finally! I scored a newer laptop to put Kali Linux on along with Windows to do some more wifi shenanigans. Before I was using a WLANPi on my desktop, which limited my mobility of course. Now I can follow devices and get closer to some of my other APs. Yes I know you can also use Pi as a remote capture device but that still didnt help with looking into roaming events. Now its been a few years since Ive used Kali and I was amazed at how polished its become. I think I used Backtrack about a decade ago to try and 'hack' my wifi with a WPA cracking tool. Needless to say that didnt launch my security career but it was quite interesting. There are plenty of tutorials on how to set you capture device in monitor mode so I wont go into that here. If you are curious here is the Airmon-ng website. Please note only certain chipsets are supported in Kali for this. Atheros cards seem to be the defacto standard for monitor mode support but I had a Comfast CF912 and TPLink Archer T9UH adapter ...
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IoT and Smart Home Devices: Part 1

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  Source: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/17146                 This is going to be a multi part post going over a little IoT smart plug I picked up on clearance at Walmart. I'll make it clear I'm generally very skeptical about these types of devices so much that I don’t even want my roommates Alexa on the same network as mine. However with these things being so prolific it is best to understand them so we can better protect our networks. Ill start with a little background of the device, how I acquired it, and my research on the brand. I will then do my best to uncover any (hopefully) FCC filings and their documentation. From there we will explore a bit of the theory on how the majority of these cheaper devices connect to our networks. Lastly Ill do my best to capture packets during the join process but we will see how that goes with my limited setup.  I was looking to purchase a new Roku and since Walmart was the closest st...
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Frame Exploration: Authentication Frames

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Authentication Frames in 802.11 are not about verifying the identity of clients or forming a secure connection. These frames are used to ensure each radio is actually a valid .11 device that can communicate on the network. It has been described similarly to plugging a network cable into the wall or switch.  Please note this is only valid for networks using WPA or WPA2. WPA3 introduces SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) and uses a 4 message exchange for authentication. We will be looking at Open System Authentication frames here.  In the above we have the two frame exchange between the client device and the AP. Each message is the essentially the same and contains a Sequence Number and Status Code to tell whether or not authentication was successful.  As with all other frames we can look at the FCF to verify what type of message it is too. And that's all there really is to it. If each radio can authenticate with one another they can proceed to the Association stag...
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